Acute urticaria is a common skin problem that frequently prompts patients to seek treatment in the emergency room. Acute urticaria treatment is a very sensitive matter, as acute urticaria is the most common cutaneous disease treated in the emergency room. The outbreak is symptomatic and can be visible over many different parts of the skin.

The most common methods for acute urticaria treatment involve anti-itch treatments, calamine lotion, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.

Acute Urticaria

Acute urticaria is defined as the presence of momentary wheals, which mostly resolve within 6 weeks. If they remain for a longer period, it is chronic urticaria. It is believed that 15-20% of the population suffers acute urticaria at some point in their lives.

A few minutes after the person has been exposed to the allergen, acute urticaria becomes apparent. It may last several weeks in some cases, but mostly it vanishes within six weeks. Normally, the urticaria is a reaction to food; however, in 50% of the cases, the trigger is unknown. Besides foods, bee or wasp stings, or skin contact with certain fragrances can also be the triggers.

Acute Urticaria in Children

Acute urticaria mostly affects children. Causes of acute urticaria in children include Idiopathic (unknown) causes, allergen infections, foods, and drugs. Nearly half of the children with acute urticaria have evidence of functional autoantibodies.

If a child is suffering from acute urticaria, the causes should be avoided as much as possible. H1 antihistamines, i.e. classical and second generation can be used. In some cases, H2 antihistamines can also be given. Oral corticosteroids have also been found useful. Epinephrine should be given for anaphylaxis only; however, if the urticaria is hereditary, epinephrine may not be as useful.